America’s Drug War Essay - 3563 Words

The War on Drugs, like the war on Terrorism, is a war that America may not be able to afford to win. For over forty years the United States has been fighting the War on Drugs and there is no end in sight. It has turned into a war that is about politics and economics rather than about drugs and criminals. The victims of this war are numerous; but perhaps they are not as numerous as those who benefit from the war itself. History of U.S Drug Policy: While laws prohibiting the use of drugs, in one form or another, can be traced back to the 1870s, it was not until 1968, when Richard M. Nixon was elected President, that our current drug war was conceived. In 1970 Congress passed the Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act.(2) With an†¦show more content†¦Assistant to Egil Krogh was G. Gordon Liddy. Howard Hunt was a consultant on the drug problem to the president’s Domestic Council. Both of these men would gain fame a few years later as Watergate conspirators. Under these men, instead of being understood as a health and social problem, drug addiction was defined as a law and order problem. On July 1, 1973 the War on Drugs was solidified with the creation of the Drug Enforcement Administration.(15) The DEA, which was the result of merging the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs with various other law enforcement and intelligence gathering agencies, including the ODALE, was given the responsibility of enforcing the nation’s federal drug laws. It’s enormous sphere of influence is reflected in its Mission Statement which states among other things; â€Å"The mission of the Drug Enforcement Administration is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States, or any other competent jurisdiction, those organizations and principal members of organizations involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (15) The DEA was designed as an American agency with an international agenda. During the Ford and Carter administrations drug use began to rise. In 1979 illicit drug use in the United States peakedShow MoreRelatedAmericas War On Drugs1528 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s war on drugs has failed. After millions of dollars and untold man hours spent enforcing the prohibition of illegal drugs, there is little, if any, success to show for it. Illicit drugs are still available on most American street corners, drug usage rates have not decreased, and the scourge of drug related violence continues to spread like wildfire. Sadly, the war on drugs has also resulted in the incarceration of millions of Americans for petty possession offenses and has created a blackRead MoreEssay on Americas War on Drugs5842 Words   |  24 PagesRichard Nixon initiated the War on Drugs when American soldiers were coming home from the Vietnam War addicted to heroin. More than a decade later, President Ronald Reagan launches the South Florida Drug Task force, headed by then Vice-P resident George Bush, in response to the city of Miami’s demand for help. In 1981, Miami was the financial and import central for cocaine and marijuana, and the residents were fed up. Thanks to the task force, drug arrests went up by 27%, and drug seizures went up by 50%Read MoreWar on Drugs: Americas Fight against Drugs1278 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Americas War on Drugs: In the past 40 years, the American government has spent more than $2.5 trillion dollars on the war against drugs. The huge expenditure has been coupled by numerous the ad campaigns, clean-up on smuggling, and increase in illicit drug users and incarceration rates. Actually, the increase in illicit drug users currently stands at 19.9 million in the United States with huge supplies from Mexico. With the increase in both the expenditure and number of illegal drug users, thereRead MoreAmericas Unjust Drug War Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesThe argument over drug reform and the current prohibition has been going on for years. It seems to be an argument between a wise parent and a young teenager, but as generations change more and more of the parents seem to switch sides. While prohibitionists say the mainstream drugs like cocaine, heroin, LSD, and marijuana are harmful and immoral, legalizers argue the opposite (Rachels 223). While they are both valid and interesting arguments the drugs named above still remain illegal. Many organizationsRead More America’s War on Drugs vs. Legalization Essay3396 Words   |  14 PagesAmerica’s War on Drugs vs. Legalization The United States has spent over 30 years fighting the war on drugs. Americans have paid a heavy price financially. The drug enforcement budget is now $40 billion. A lot of time, effort, and money go into America’s attempt in eliminating trafficking, dealing, and the use of illegal drugs. Many believe that this is a war worth fighting, while others feel that America will never conquer the war on drugs. The latter suggest legalization as an alternativeRead MoreAmerica’s Failing War on Drugs and the Culture of Incarceration2483 Words   |  10 PagesAmerica’s failing War on Drugs and the Culture of Incarceration Richard B. Carpenter Adams State College America’s failing War on Drugs and the Culture of Incarceration Richard B. Carpenter Adams State College Abstract For over a century, America has waged a failing war on drugs even as it feeds a cultural apathetic and underground acceptance of drug and alcohol use. The views of the dominate group have placed blame on society’s ills on the evilsRead MoreAmericas War on Drugs - The Prison Industrial Complex Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesAfter viewing the documentary: Americas War on Drugs - The Prison Industrial Complex, it is clear that the Criminal Justice System is in desperate need of reconstruction and repair with policies such as the mandatory minimum sentencing act which has proven to be unsuccessful and unjust in its efforts to deter criminals from committing illegal acts as seen with the increase of incarcerations of the American people and the devastating effect it has had on those in prison and the family members ofRead MoreThe Rockefeller Drug Laws: Americas War on Drugs: a War We Are Causing, a War We Can Solve1814 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Rockefeller Drug Laws were passed in 1973 under Governor Nelson Rockefeller, New York State has had the harshest sentencing for low-level, non-violent drug offenders of any other state in the nation. Under these laws, those convicted of drug offenses face the same penalties as those convicted of murder, and harsher penalties that those convicted of rape. (Sullum, 1) Though the laws were first enacted to curb the late-1960s-early-1970s psychedelic drug epidemic, New Yorks drug problem in factRead MoreDrugs and Alcohol in the Criminal Justice System1396 Words   |  6 PagesFrank Herton CJ411: Drugs and Alcohol in the Criminal Justice System Unit 2 Assignment May 1, 2012 Drug and alcohol abuse has been around as long as humans have been around. People have always had the desire to use substances to make them feel relaxed or stimulated. So because drugs and alcohol have always been existent, they have always been a part of our American culture through politics, media and advertising, and other American concepts. The time period of 1950-2000 was exceptionally activeRead MoreThe House I Live By Eugene Jarecki989 Words   |  4 Pagesa 1971 press conference, which the press immediately designates the â€Å"war on drugs†. The House I Live In is a superb film detailing Eugene Jarecki’s journey on an in-depth and all-encompassing view of the war on drugs, and the immense destruction left in its wake. It is necessary to gain a better understanding of how the war on drugs is significant to a 40-year class based destruction, failure of existing drug policies and drug elimination, and the ways fear plays a starring role in the genesis of

Largest Cities in the World

The 9th edition of the National Geographic Atlas of the World, published in 2011, estimated the urban area population of the worlds largest cities, those with a population above 10 million people, which they termed megacities. The population estimates for the worlds largest cities below are based on population estimates from 2007. Population numbers for the worlds largest cities are rounded since they are incredibly difficult to determine precisely; millions within most megacities live in poverty in shantytowns or other areas where accurate census taking is near impossible. The following eighteen largest cities in the world are all those with a population of 11 million or more, based on the National Geographic atlas data. 1. Tokyo, Japan - 35.7 million 2. Mexico City, Mexico - 19 million (tie) 2. Mumbai, India - 19 million (tie) 2. New York City, United States - 19 million (tie) 5. Sao Paulo, Brazil - 18.8 million 6. Delhi, India - 15.9 million 7. Shanghai, China - 15 million 8. Kolkata, India - 14.8 million 9. Dhaka, Bangladesh - 13.5 million 10. Jakarta, Indonesia - 13.2 million 11. Los Angeles, United States - 12.5 million 12. Buenos Aires, Argentina - 12.3 million 13. Karachi, Pakistan - 12.1 million 14. Cairo, Egypt - 11.9 million 15. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - 11.7 million 16. Osaka-Kobe, Japan - 11.3 million 17. Manila, Philippines - 11.1 million (tie) 17. Beijing, China - 11.1 million (tie) Additional lists of population estimates for the largest cities in the world can be found in my Largest Cities of the World collection of lists.

Television program Free Essays

Disney has subsequently recognized the inaccuracy of the declaration of this program and has since then decided to restructure the projection. The author of the article had the intention to showing the fabrications of the media and the persuasive nature of these multi-billion dollar companies. More than likely the author has children of his own possibly possesses at least one Little Einstein digitally. We will write a custom essay sample on Television program or any similar topic only for you Order Now The authors evidence Of Disney’s claim that Little Einstein would make children more intelligent, which was completely false hence, the supporting studies behind it suggested that children 2 or less shouldn’t be watching television at all. As the reader, a mother, and from a younger generation of parents all together, I believe that hillier that watch television excessively lack imagination and tend to be lazy. Educational television is effective but when we start labeling it to be the only type of way children can learn efficiently that’s where we start failing our children. Only a fool would believe that watching one type of show would make their child some type of prodigy. If we really want our children to have their minds flourish we need to read to them whenever we can, play outside and nurture them in every way possible. No, television program could ever create that type of educational experience. How to cite Television program, Papers

Psychology Essay for Lifespan Development Project by Top Experts

Question: Write a Psychology Essay for Lifespan Development Project? Answer: Introduction: Life span development (LSD) is regarded as a very important aspect of Developmental psychology. It depicts a high concern of the different developmental stages and associated changes in relation to the individual initiating from preconception to death (Berk, 2010). The physical, social and intellectual aspects of human development constitute the major focus of study in LSD. It progresses through the application of a scientific approach examining the growth patterns, transformations and behavioral stability throughout the span of life emphasizing on human development. This study intends to provide a clear idea about the LSD by going through each of the developmental stages of an individual with a deeper insight on the associated aspects, feelings, experiences and thoughts. As per the view of LBerk(2001), the research enables the connection of learning to personal and professional experiences in real life. It assists in effective interactions with relevant persons as parents, healthcare workers, researchers, educators and social workers. Journey of lifespan development from preconception to death Considering an individual male at the age of 50 years, at the adult stage as per the LSD concept, it can be idealized that the person has already passed through the former stages of lifespan. These stages include the Pre-natal period, infancy and toddlerhood, preschool, middle childhood, adolescence, young adulthood and currently going through the middle adulthood progressing towards late adulthood and death. The experience of several significant events through this span of life essentially reflects the persons developmental process and related factors. It also highlights the effective influencing factors on the developmental aspects of the individual. As per the opinion of RM Daz and LEBerk(2014), the quality of problems forms the distinctive characteristics of the young individuals and adults. The person in this study depicts the problems of experiencing a lower socio-economic status and lack of adequate familial support in his childhood. It led to the development of a practical attitude with a lesser value towards emotions. It is seen to affect the life of the individual in later stages also. Development transitions often depicts link to growth progression of an individual through certain stages. This movement from birth to adult stage leading to death passes through a series of phases involving physical and intellectual changes. As identified by the researcher, the significant life events holds a vital position to influence the development of an individual through the stages of lifespan. Each developmental transition is associated with a distinct learning character. The changes in the relationship between the individual and ext ernal world and individual with oneself are a major characteristic of this journey. It is evident in case of the person considered in this study who reveals an emotionally detrimental effect on his personal relationships, although he depicted a highly positive effect on the professional context. However, as argued by LEBerk and A Winsler (1995), the seemingly positive changes may underpin a big adverse transformation. Figure 1: Stages of life span (Source: LE Berk, 2010)) The journey of the LSD initiates from the pre-natal period progressing through the sequential stages and ends with death. As identified in the book Exploring Lifespan development by Laura Berk, the developmental studies on human development focuses on improvement of lives of individuals. The journey of LSD is seen to occur through both continuous and discontinuous movements with a major influence of heredity and environment. It is evident through the studies of Berk (2010), that earlier infancy and childhood bored a consideration of the rapid transformation periods in LSD with adulthood considered as a plateau and aging depicting decline. However, this concept drew argument and finally discarded with the establishment of the perspective that the various events and incidents affect the journey of LSD through physical, emotional and cognitive developmental changes. The major 4 assumptions regarding the LSD of an individual highlighted in the book by Laura constitutes the consideration of the development as a lifelong process, highly plastic, multi-dimensional, multi-directional and highly affected by multi-interacting factors. Development processes As identified by several researchers and asserted in the book of Laura, the developmental processes of a human being is considered either continuous or discontinuous process. Based on the capacities of human at the different stages of life as infant, children, adolescents, adults and elders the development process is identified as continuous or discontinuous. The view considering infants to possess the same capabilities as adults but at a lower efficiency level thereby indicating a gradual development of the skills and talents with age and the different developmental stages is known as continuous process. On the other hand, the view considering the capabilities of a person to be different at each developmental stage refers to the discontinuous process. The occurrence of qualitative changes in terms of feelings, thoughts and behavior are the main characteristics of the developmental periods of an individual. Some researchers points out the massive influence of the societal environment, cultural perspectives and situations in which a person grows up on the development of the person. The difference is seen to affect the intellectual capacities of the people along with their social skills and perceptions regarding others and self. The heredity and biological make up constitutes a major influence on the development of the persons. Some evidence highlighted the external influencing factors as home, neighborhood, residing communities and school. The book by Laura pinpointed on the universal controversy of nature vs. nurture revealing the concern of whether the genetic or biological factors affect the development more than the environmental factors. Studying the LSD of the person going through the different identified sequential stages it can be seen that the person reveals several milestones at each stage of development. Bruce, RM Daz and LEBerk(2014) defined milestone in the developmental process as the achievement of a specific talent/skill or physical trait in between specified timeframes as a part of the LSD process normally occurring for a person. Examples of milestones are the capability of speaking words of a child and attainment of puberty. Deductive reasoning is a major milestone in the life of an individual. It is evident in the life of the individual studied here identified by his behavior in the adolescence stage when he went into depression due to the loss of contacts with friends and issues with his best friend and father whose harsh words led him to believe that he is incapable of doing anything good. It also led him to take the risk of quitting his studies midway and look for earning through job. It indicated a poor decision-making skill with an inclination towards higher risk taking attitude for short-term goals. The individual in this context the person reveals his milestones as achievement of the trait of confidence that is facilitated through the joining in his job that drove him to readmit to his studies through part time classes beside the job. The development of resilience in the individual is another significant milestone in his life (RM Daz and LEBerk2014). It enabled him to adjust and lead a decent and normal life in face of adverse situations. The events as identified by the individual in this study assert the importance of the various circumstances faced in the life affecting the development of the person. The circumstance of peer pressure and lack of familial support from father seem to result in severe risk taking and detrimental actions by the individual. A strong and efficient support from the community enables a better development of a person. It is evident from the reflections of the individual who identified the presence of convenient and affordable educational service that he accessed for completing his studies. The circumstances as community programs encouraging the adolescents to participate in the community help services enable the development of the capability to overcome adversity by the adolescents (LEBerk and A Winsler, 1995). It is clearly seen in case of the individual identifying the development of the ability to overcome his adverse situation through such community service involvement while working prof essionally at an organization. The significance of the familial support is also highlighted by the instance depicting detrimental effect on the individual due to the inappropriate circumstance at his home with his father and with his best friend. Developmental aspects- physical, emotional, cognitive As far as the development process is concerned irrespective of the controversy that it progresses through the continuous or discontinuous pattern, it shows remarkable effect on the physical, cognitive and emotional aspects of an individual. The development of the physical aspects of the individual is identified through his reflections from his earlier experiences. LEBerk,A Winsler (1995) opined that the period of optimum physical strength indicates the person to be in adulthood. The person in this study reveals a standard level of physical fitness. He is seen to work in the sales and marketing department of an organization. The revelations he made regarding his physical status induces to consider him as physically fit individual. However, the person indicates the presence of mental issues as depression and negative thinking. Cognitive development is idealized by moral development as cultural influence and spiritual development. LEBerk and A Winsler(1995) conveyed a sharp maintenance of the cognitive abilities through a continuous cognitive simulation. The individual shows a low level of cognitive development due to the circumstances as lack of familiar support, issues with colleagues in adolescence, and such. The low socio-economic status of the individual in his childhood, restrict the consumption of adequate iron and protein obstructing others or the patient. Social aspects in LSD are related to the identity quest and intimacy. As stated by LEBerk,A Winsler(1995), the people reveal a high affinity towards the societal perceptions. The individual in question over here seems to be a less sociable person. This trait of the individual can be a result of the negative experiences in earlier times as adolescence. The low socio-economic status of the individual restrained him from visiting places with standard and rich people. Accessing social media as Facebook and Twitter in todays date is a high craze. However, the individual revealed that he had no experience of social media interactions. As put forward by RM Daz, LEBerk (2014), the extent and frequency of social interactions depends considerably on the situation at home. The adverse and negative state of the individuals home atmosphere posed a highly negative effect on his personality driving the development of his character as a less talkative due to his inability to believe easily on anyone . Important life events: The birth of a baby is the most significant and eventful occasion in a persons life. This stage is characterized by very few incidents, as the individual is not being able to act remarkably. Producing sounds of different kinds, recognizing own familiar persons faces as mother, father and siblings are the main actions occurring at this stage. The events occurring in infancy include movements of hands, legs and body, trying to speak with the people surrounding. Growing teeth, developing the ability to walk and speak and recognizing people by their name and relations are the vital events taking place in this stage. A major number of events are seen to happen at this stage. Enrolling into a new environment of school is a very important event that directs the further development of the child both cognitively and socially (RM Daz and LEBerk, 2014). The individual stated that he had visited a doctor regarding his depression. After hearing everything about his lifes experiences, the doctor proposed him to practice meditation and joining a laughing class. The early exposure to inappropriate situations as bullying from classmates and facing further unsuitable behaviors seems to have a remarkable effect on the psychological development of the individual. He developed a negative attitude towards people. Stein, RM Daz and LEBerk, 2014 believed that the trait can be changed through practice of relevant improvement training and programs yet the individual here underwent no such training due to economical concerns and lack of guidance. It indicates the importance of schooling event in the life of an individual. Not only does it associates with the educational devel opment of an individual but also in the overall personality development in terms of conceptual and behavioral aspects majorly. The social relations of the individual are seen to be not very well intertwined. The early encountering of parental problems led the person to recluse, losing interest in social activities. However, the interaction of the person with some of his office colleagues and his wife prior to their marriage proved supportive and productive to redirect him towards the development of a trusting and positive attitude towards people and relationships. Therefore as opined by RM Daz and LEBerk(2014, the social relations as marriage and friendships play vital role in development of the emotional and cognitive development of an individual. Employment emerges as a very essential event in the life of an individual. It was only after the employment that the person in this case developed the sense of right and wrong as well as the importance of long-term plans. Another major event is the loss of any close person. Coping up with such, a loss in life and preparing for the next stage of LSD death is a significant phenomenon needed to undergo an efficient LSD (Berger, 2010). Development through evaluation using theories: Piagets Cognitive Development Theory- This theory highlights the occurrence of the cognitive development in an individual through stages, which are considered universal in nature. The stages occur sequentially in the life of a person. LEBerk and A Winsler(1995) identified the deduction of this theory to exert that knowledge construction by children is an active process that takes place through manipulation and their experience of exploring the world. Adaptation is the major centre of this theory. The 4 stages of this theory include Sensorimotor (0-2 years), Preoperational (2-7 years), Concrete operational (7-11 years) and Formal operational (11 years onwards). The theory is efficient in educational philosophies and programs emphasizing environmental contact and active learning. However, there are limitations to this theory as under estimation of the infants and preschoolers competencies. Lack of considering socio-cultural effects on LSD is a major drawback (LEBerk and A Winsler, 1995). Vygoysky theory- This theory mainly focuses on the socio-cultural aspects and the belief that interacting with knowledgeable people in society enables children to develop inventory and creative thinking ability. It highlights cognitive development as a socially mediated process of LSD. Behavioural/social learning theory- This theory asserts the belief over continuous development process through several courses of reinforcing behaviors that varies person specifically. LEBerk and A Winsler (1995) stated the main emphasis of this theory on the nurturing aspect asserting that development results from modeling and conditioning. It puts equal importance to both early and later experiences. Conclusion: The book about LSD by Laura depicts a strong emphasis on the application of the concepts of human development to enable a clear and in-depth understanding of the aspects of developmental stages in a sequential manner through the story-telling process of progress in the book. Going through the study it can be concluded that the factors as significant events, circumstances and biological factors together influence the LSD of an individual. The development process immensely affects the physical, emotional and cognitive aspects of an individual on an overall basis. References: Berk, L. E., Winsler, A. (1995).Scaffolding Children's Learning: Vygotsky and Early Childhood Education. NAEYC Research into Practice Series. Volume 7. National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1509 16th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-1426 (NAEYC catalog# 146).Berk, L. (2001).Development through the lifespan. Pearson Education India. Daz, R. M., Berk, L. E. (2014).Private speech: From social interaction to self-regulation. Psychology Press.