Development of Tourism in Thailand

Development of Tourism in Thailand With reference to relevant academic and trade sources, explain the provision of your topic within your chosen destination and suggest how it may develop in the future. Introduction Volunteer tourism is when travellers visit any countries to do voluntary work in order to help the communities. The voluntary workers mainly target young children and elderly people. Volunteer work can be done by any individuals and in any countries. According to (GVI, 2014) volunteer work can be done by individuals who are 18 and over and are currently on a gap, seeking for work experience etc. (GVI, 2014) stated that in Thailand are looking for many volunteer workers around the globe and they are offering many volunteer works such as Teaching, Health Care, Child Care etc. By attending a volunteer work in teaching in Thailand for example, the individual are able to help the children with education and also provide them with good education. According to (TEFL, 2014) the volunteer workers will also have benefits such as they will gain confidence, meet new people, learn a new language, gain new skills, experience and many more. Volunteer tourism gives people the opportunity to travel t o travel countries and change people’s lives who are struggling to make something out of their living. This will also give the volunteer workers satisfaction since they gain experience that benefits them in the future. How many people visit Thailand each year? (Go Overseas, 2014) has stated that Thailand has become of the Top Ten most visited country on earth. This is due to the fact that Thailand is such a beautiful country to visit and the tourists are able to experience this from volunteer work as well a mutual visit to Thailand. According to (Katka Lapelosova, 2014) Thailand is a good country to spend voluntary work in since the place has beautiful scenery where the voluntary workers are able to enjoy from. Depending on the voluntary work the workers will have their own accommodation and they will cost at a low fare or sometimes nothing at all. (Go Overseas, 2014) has also stated in 2013 26.5 million people have visited Thailand which makes Thailand a popular place to visit. This is also due to a very low cost of living where the volunteer workers do not have to spend a lot of money for their accommodation. In Thailand volunteer project with the children is the most popular programme since the workers and the children tend to be satisfied with this programme. (Go Overseas, 2014) also argued that English teachers make an encouraging influence to the children. (Open Mind Project, 2014) has stated that over 70 volunteer workers visit Thailand per year to carry out a volunteer programme. Since many volunteer workers visiting Thailand it will make Thailand better and satisfied place to visit. According to (Polly Dean, 2015) people visit Thailand to experience what their culture is like and their culture is easily adaptable by any individual. (Polly Dean, 2015) also stated that living cost is very cheap which means accommodation is not a problem and Thai food is something that everyone enjoys. Every year more people visit Thailand in respect to volunteer tourism or just a mutual visit to the country. How much is it worth to the Economy (Mack Alvin, 2013) argued that Volunteer Tourism is a new trend where people tend to enjoy their time being at the chosen destination and their chosen programme. For example, in Thailand there are few programmes available that can be chosen by the travellers. Volunteer tourism can bring the volunteers enjoyment such as they are able to go around the city where they are spending their time in. It will also give the volunteer workers to learn Thailand’s culture and the great surroundings such as the mystic Temple, Rainforest etc. The volunteer work often run among 2-3 weeks five days being the volunteer work and weekends will be the days where the volunteer workers are able to investigate the place. The volunteer work has a great impact in the economy since the price of taking part in volunteer work is really cheap or sometimes free depending on the service. Mean time while doing volunteer work over the period of 2-3 weeks the volunteer workers can also visit around the place. It is a holiday for fewer prices and the individual is also able to gain new skills and experience. (Friends For Asia, 2015) also specified that for example, carrying out English Education Volunteer programme in Bangkok and Chiang Mai will save the volunteer workers money on travelling expenses and accommodation. As this will get more and more popular in the future people will prefer this as a choice since it will help the people gain experience and visit the destination at the same time it is like â€Å"Holiday with Benefits†. It will cause an impact to the travel agents and travel companies as people in the future may choose to go this way and this will could convince the travel agents and online travel website to reduce their prices for holiday destinations. Why can this be important and interesting? There are many things the volunteer workers are able to benefit from. In Thailand English Education programme is most popular where more of the people are applying for this particular programme. The volunteers are can get to know the background of the children and realise how these children are struggling for living, food and education as this will be a life changing experience for the volunteering individual. According (Nancy McGehee, 2010) volunteer work overall is a life changing experience where the workers are able to meet new people and children who are less fortunate in terms of food and education. According to (Tomazos and Buttler, 2009) the number of volunteer tourism projects increased dramatically in the Top-Ten countries. In the year 2003 there were 223 volunteer projects and in 2007 the amount of available projects increased significantly to 1,741. The reason for the increase is due to more and more people are willing to participate in these projects as their as showing a real interest in volunteer tourism. (Tomazos and Buttler, 2009) has argued that due to the importance and interest shown by the people who are willing to take part in volunteer tourism there is now 146 volunteer tourism organisations around the world and they distribute thousands of volunteer tourists every year. Volunteer tourism is a very interesting way of getting to know other people, tradition, societies and culture. Volunteer tourism provides tourists with a life changing opportunities to work with people who are different to their tradition and cultures. According to (Jenny Morgan, 2010) It is an inspirational opportunity which will change the volunteer workers mind in a positive way and it will help them be more social aware and increase their understanding of the cultures. Being able to participate in the volunteer tourism project will change the person who we are right now and will ensure that we can adapt in any situations in the future of our life. Developing the destination further There are many destinations in Thailand that are offering many volunteer projects. In Chiang Mai there are many volunteer projects such as English teacher, volunteering with Elephants, Wildlife and Community Expedition. However, according to (GVI, 2014) the best place to do volunteering in Thailand is Phang Nga. In Phang Nga there are many volunteer projects where volunteers are able to take. The projects which are available in Phang Nga according to (GVI, 2014) are Thailand Coastal Marine Expedition, Healthcare, Community Development Expedition, Learn Thai and many more. Phang Nga is not only well know due to the reason that there are many volunteer projects which are interesting, the reason being that Phang Nga is a tourist attracting province. Phang Nga is situated in south of Thailand and this where the real beauty of Thailand starts. Volunteer Tourist have benefits when choosing to do volunteer projects in Phang Nga as the volunteers are able to get experience from their volunteer projects and they get to visit the attraction in Phang Nga such as Mountains, stunning scenery and national parks. According to (UNWTO, 2014) few crucial parts of Phang Nga was destroyed by Tsunami in 2004. In 2004 Phang Nga was yet the leading province to visit in Thailand. As Tsunami destroyed some areas in Phang Nga the community was left devastated. (UNWTO, 2014) stated when Tsunami destroyed the areas in Phang Nga, Thailand faced loss and they had to build the areas that has been destroyed from scratch. According to (UNWTO, 2014) it took them 2 years to build the crucial parts of the areas and they received funding from European countries and their government. In 2006 Phang Nga becoming developed and it became even better than it was before. Volunteer Tourist visit Phang Nag every year to experience the beauty of Thailand and gain experience and provide support to the Phang Nga community. Growth of Volunteer Tourism (Douglas McGray, 2009) has argued that people who are sitting around at home and not making use of their time such as an individual without a job. However people like that have an opportunity to change and turn around their life and this is by applying to a volunteer tourism project around the globe. The growth of Volunteer Tourism increased due to individual who are free are not willing to waste their time and use their time to help others who are less fortunate and gain some vital experiences themselves. (Natasha Stein, 2015) has argued that market value for volunteer tourism is  £1.3 billion. Since there is a demand for volunteer tourism there are organisations that offer a short term volunteer work. Organisations who offer volunteer projects make good profit. (Natasha Stein, 2015) also stated that people tend to take these projects a holiday. From a survey that has been carried out by (Natasha Stein, 2015) gathered that 300 organisations have offered Volunteer Tourism to 1.6million volunteer tourists. The organisations have great benefit over this type of tourism since now days many people prefer this type of tourism and when more people are interested in Volunteer Tourism means more customers for the organisations which means more profit. (Ritwik Deo, 2013) stated that gap year has increased from the past few years and this is due to students are willing to take part in volunteer tourism so that they are able to explore the place there are going to volunteer for and gain experience which will help them in the future. This shows that Volunteer Tourism has increased in the past years and there is demand for this type of tourism since people are willing to take part and learn something new as well as helping the less fortunate. In the future the demand for this type of tourism will still rise according to the amount of peop le interested in taking part. Conclusion Overall, Volunteer Tourism is a great opportunity to gain vital skills and gain experience. However there are downfalls according to (Natasha Stein, 2015) such as volunteers not meeting or having the necessary skills required, replacing unpaid workers and not showing interest at all. ( Natasha Stein, 2015) argued that few volunteer workers come in on their first they and they do not like the environment or the project and they do not turn up the next day. This will cause frustration since instead of the not interested volunteer workers they could have been replace by someone who enjoy the project and has potentials. However, besides the negatives Volunteer Tourism is beneficial with different varieties of projects that best suits the individual. Volunteer Tourism is very demanding since people are choosing this type of tourism over others. According to (Franziska, 2010) Volunteer Tourism is a valuable perception as this offers many opportunities to individuals. As the numbers of inte rested Volunteering Tourists are growing so are the organisations, the concept of Volunteer Tourism is ‘Gaining Little but Giving A Lot’. Volunteer Tourism is something that benefits everyone therefore Volunteer Tourism will keep growing in the future. References: http://www.gvi.co.uk/volunteer-in-thailand/ http://www.i-to-i.com/why-do-people-volunteer.html http://www.gooverseas.com/volunteer-abroad/industry-trends/annual-report http://matadornetwork.com/change/7-reasons-thailand-best-place-practice-voluntourism/ http://www.openmindprojects.org/ http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0113/how-voluntourism-can-save-you-money.aspx http://www.volunteerthailand.org/ http://www.voluntourism.org/news-studyandresearch62.htm https://voluntourismgal.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/voluntourism-give-a-little-gain-a-lot.pdf http://biodiv.unwto.org/content/thailand-biodiversity-and-tourism-development-phang-nga-province http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/going-the-distance-february-2004 http://www.travelmole.com/news_feature.php?news_id=1151074 http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/the-tragic-rise-of-gap-year-voluntourism-8473608.html http://www.goabroad.com/articles/volunteer-abroad/the-versatility-of-volunteering-in-thailand http://www.tourism-master.nl/2010/09/24/volunteer-tourism-a-mutually-beneficial-concept-or-an-exploitation-of-local-communities/

The Difference Between Consumer Buyer Behaviour and Organisational Buyer Behaviour

The difference between Consumer Buyer Behaviour and Organisational Buyer Behaviour In this essay we will be talking about the difference between consumer buyer behaviour and organisational buyer behaviour and how marketers can harvest this knowledge to create the right marketing strategies for each category of market. The main difference between consumer buyer behaviour and organisational buyer behaviour is that consumer buying consists of activates involved in buying and using of products for personal and household use, where organisational buyers purchase primarily for organisational purpose.Consumer behaviour is complex and a company has to fit their product more closely and satisfy their customer needs more fully than the competitors. Marketers will also need to know whether their controllable variables, e. g. marketing mix variables, will affect buying behaviour. Culture is the broadest environmental factor witch influences buyer behaviour, consumption choices cannot be understo od without considering the culture. It is the prisms with witch customers perceive the product. The culture of consumers determines the priorities he attaches to different products.The link between consumer behaviour and culture is a two-way street. In one direction the products that are produced to fit a consumer’s culture are better accepted, in the other direction products and innovation that are created in a specific culture on a given time show us a clear domination in the cultures ideals. (Michael Solomon, Culture, 2006) Social class refers to the grouping together of individuals or families who have certain common social or economic characteristics. Societies can be divided in haves and have-nots.Social Class is determined by income, family background and occupation. The social class is not only determining how much money is spent by the individual but also how it is spent. (Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A European Perspective, 2006) Consumer buyer behaviour Masl ow`s hierarchy of needs is the first model we are looking at. It implies a hierarchy of biogenic and psychogenic needs where the order of development is fixed and a certain level must be attained before the next higher one.In Maslow`s hierarchy one must first satisfy basic needs before he can progress up the ladder. The application of this model is relatively simplistic as one product can satisfy more than one need. (Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour , 2006) The next model we are talking about is the Howard Sheth model. The model describes brand decision under incomplete or limited information. It distinguishes three levels of decision: 1) Extensive problem solving- the buyer has little or no knowledge about the product and has no criteria by which to choose the product. ) Limited problem solving- In this stage the choice criteria are defined but the buyer is still undecided about the brads which best serve him. 3) Routinized responses behaviour- The criteria set in this stage is well defined and the consumer has the best brand which best serves him. He makes the buying process with little evaluation of alternatives. The Howard Sheth model borrows concepts from the learning model to explain brand choice. Four major components are involved in this process: impute variables, output variables, hypothetical constructs and exogenous variables. Rao, 2011) There are three different impute variable, the first and second is provided by the marketer by significant stimuli like physical brand characteristics and symbolic stimuli like visual or verbal characteristics. The third variable is provided by family, reference group etc. (Rao, 2011) The perceptual and learning construct define the main part of the model. It deals with the psychological variables with interact with the consumer decision making. The output variables are the response to the impute variables and helps us understand how the consumer will engage with the perceptual construct. Rao, 2011) The Last mode l we are looking at is the Engel-Kollat-Blackwell model which was created to describe the knowledge concerning consumer behaviour. The first stage is the decision-process stage. The model is focusing on the five mine decision-process stages: Problem recognition, search for alternatives, alternate evaluation purchase, and outcomes. The consumer does not necessarily have to go through all this stages. The number of stages depends if it is an extended or a routine problem solving behaviour.The Second stage is the information impute where the consumer is getting information from marketing and non-marketing sources with will influence the decision-making process. The third stage is the information processing stage and it consists of the exposure, attention and retention of the consumer to the information. The consumer must first be exposed to the message, allocate space for this information, interpret the stimuli, and retain the message by transferring the input to long-term memory. The fourth stage consists of individual and environmental influences that affect all five stages of the decision process.Individual characteristics include motives, values, lifestyle, and personality; the social influences are culture, reference groups, and family. Situational influences, such as a consumer’s financial condition, also influence the decision process. (Engel, 1995) Organisational buyer behaviour Broadly speaking organisational customers can be classified in commercial, institutional and governmental sector. (Oxford University Page) The Commercial customers can be divided furthermore in 1) Distributors: They are also known as intermediaries and their main purpose is to transfer products through the supply chain adding value to them.The main types of intermediary are wholesales, dealers, agents, value-added resellers. 2) Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs): They are the classic business customer. They purchases parts or materials and manufacture and market with t he manufacturer’s brand. 3) Users: These customers buy some products to sustain their own production. 4) Retailers: They purchase goods to sell them to their customers. The Institutional customer may differ greatly from the commercial customer in the preceding list. Universities are a good example of institutional customers and the products they have to buy in order to keep operating. Oxford University Page) The Governmental customers can differ from government to government as they can regalement their spending on military health and education. While there are differences between consumer buyer behaviour and organisational buyer behaviour we clearly can see some similarities between them especially when we realises that rationality in organisational buyer behaviour can be misplaced. If the buyer are people to then they can also make mistakes lead by perception, emotion and pear pressure.On the other hand some consumer purchases involve high technical complexity and time invo lving information search. The practice of B2B and B2C is not always clear as an example we can take Sun Microsystems witch approaches large business directly but also encourages small developers to build OEM machines and sell them to customers. (Oxford University Page) We clearly can see that there are some similarities in the B2C and B2B market but there are some huge differences. For example, consumer markets often consist of millions of customers where far fewer customers are in the organisational market.A small percentage often makes a large percentage of the earnings of a B2B business. (Oxford University Page) The B2C buying process can be fairly complex for a high involvement purchase like a car but in a B2B market there is often not only one person involve in this process, it is typically known as the decision-making unit (DMU). Members involved in this decision making unit can be managers who are not involved in the usage of the product and often have a strategic and financi al perspective of the company but also members who directly use the product are involved in the decision making process.We can describe the different parties (Webster and Wind, 1972) in the decision making process as followed: 1) Initiator- is the person who makes the first request for the purchase 2) Buyer – they are the formal authority in the process and are making the purchases from the suppliers 3) Influencers –they affect the decision-making process by providing internal or external information. 4) Decision makers- they are the persons with the authority to approve a purchase. 5) Users – they are the persons who use the product. They often deliver feedback of the performance. ) Gatekeepers – they control the flow of information to other managers within the buying organisation One of the most recognised models of organisational buyer behaviour is the Buygrid Framework (Robinson et al, 1967). It combines nature of the buying situation with the stages in the decision process. It is worth noting the differences between the three buyclass situations: 1) New task purchases – In this category the company is buying a product or a service for the first time. They typically have no experience in the supplier’s capabilities. The DMU is usually larger and the schedule for the decision is often extended. ) Modified rebuy – in this chase the company has already knowledge about the suppliers capabilities but has to alter a variable in the order witch could be: time, amount or price. 3) Straight rebuy – in this case the company does not alter the order. It is normally seen when basic goods are ordered. The decision-making process is quite formal in B2B markets and it goes through many as eight buyphases for a new task purchase: 1) Problem Recognition – this can be created by a supplier review, dissatisfaction with current providers and changing business needs. ) General need description – the need can come from an innovation, the need for cutting costs or improving production. 3) Specifications – It necessity buyer/supplier dialog and is the part where suppliers are differentiated and evaluated. 4) Supplier search – it is the stage where a consideration set of suppliers is created and information is gathered. 5) Proposal submission – suppliers are put into a choice set and a proposal is solicited from those last few suppliers 6) Supplier Selection – in this stage proposals are evaluated and negotiation may take place between buyer and seller. ) Order process specification – in this stage an agreement or a contract is created. 8) Performance review – in this stage the suppliers are revised and benchmarked and then changed, modified or discontinued. (Oxford University Page) It is very important for a company in the B2B market to understand the different members and their roles in a DMU of a company; the members can be brought together from all parts of a company and can include purchasing, R&D, finance and even marketing.The marketing strategy of the supplying must reflect the individual interest within a DMU but also the whole interest and group dynamic of a DMU. (Oxford University Page) Referencing (n. d. ). Retrieved 03 21, 2012, from Oxford University Page: http://www. oup. com/uk/orc/bin/9780199551682/ellis_ch02. pdf Engel, J. B. (1995). Consumer Behaviour. In J. B. Engel, Consumer Behaviour. Michael Solomon, G. B. (2006). In G. B. Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A European Perspective (p. 460). Michael Solomon, G. B. (2006). Consumer Behaviour . In G. B.Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A European Perspective (pp. 125-126). Michael Solomon, G. B. (2006). Culture. In G. B. Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A European Pespective (pp. 525-527). Rao, V. S. (2011, 01 10). Howard Sheth Model. Retrieved 03 21, 2012, from cite Man Network: http://www. citeman. com/13241-howard-sheth-model. html Robinson, P. J. , Faris, C. W. , & Wind, Y. (1976) Industrial Buying and Marketing , Allyn & Bacon, Boston Webste, F. E. & Wind, Y. (1972) Organisational Buying Behaviour, Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, NJ

Ohmmeter

Resistance Measurement ENE 240 Electrical and Electronic Measurement (2/2008) Class 8, January 14, 2009 Werapon Chiracharit, Ph. D. , ENE, KMUTT werapon. [email  protected] ac. th 1 Analogue Ohmmeter †¢ Permanent-magnet moving-coil (Galvanometer, ? ? I ) with a total resistance Rg †¢ Series type ohmmeter with battery E †¢ Resistance R to be measured †¢ Rz to be zero-ohm-adjusted Rz R E + – Rg 2 1 Zero-Ohm Adjustment †¢ Short circuit at the terminals 0? Resistance reading is zero, R = 0 †¢ Adjust Rz for a full-scale current reading E = Ifsd (Rz + Rg) Ifsd = E / (Rz + Rg) †¢ E and Rg are constant †¢ Change Rz (change Ifsd) for multirange 3 Zero-Ohm Adjustment (Cont’d) †¢ for the series type ohmmeter E = I (R + Rz + Rg) I = E / (R + Rz + Rg) †¢ R increased, I decreased, ? decreased †¢ Relationship between I and R is non-linear, it means a non-linear resistance scale. †¢ Rz and Rg are small, then for high resista nces, the scale points are very close together! 4 2 Shunt Type Ohmmeter †¢ When R = ? (open circuit), R1 is adjusted for a full-scale reading. E = Ifsd (R1 + Rg) Ifsd = E / (R1 + Rg) R1 R Ig IR Rg E 5 I Shunt Type Ohmmeter (Cont’d) †¢ When R is connected, the current passing through the meter is reduced by shunt resistor. 1/Rparallel = 1/R + 1/Rg Rparallel = RRg / (R + Rg) and E = I (R1 + Rparallel) = I (R1 + RRg/(R + Rg)) = I (R1R + R1Rg + RRg) / (R + Rg) = I (R1Rg + R(R1 + Rg)) / (R + Rg) 6 3 Shunt Type Ohmmeter (Cont’d) †¢ The current I is divided into 2 parts. IgRg = IRR Ig = I – IR = I – IgRg/R therefore Ig = E(R + Rg)/(R1Rg + R(R1 + Rg)) – IgRg/R Ig(1+Rg/R) = E(R + Rg)/(R1Rg + R(R1 + Rg)) Ig(R+Rg)/R = E(R + Rg)/(R1Rg + R(R1 + Rg)) Ig = ER / (R1Rg + R(R1 + Rg)) †¢ Meter reading depends on the value of R, though R is a low resistance. 7 Series Ohmmeter Shunt Ohmmeter 8 4 Bridge Method †¢ Bridge methods are used for measurement of resistance, capacitance, inductance, etc. †¢ e. g. the network will be balanced when the detector reading becomes zero. Component Being Measured Bridge Network Detector 9 Wheatstone Bridge †¢ DC supply, Vs †¢ Output voltage, Vo B R1 I1 A I2 R3 D + Vs – R4 10 R2 Vo C 5 Wheatstone Bridge (Cont’d) †¢ When Vo = 0, the potential at B must equal to the potential at D I1R1 = I2R3 I1R2 = I2R4 Hence I1R1 = I2R3 = (I1R2/R4) R3 R1/R2 = R3/R4 †¢ The balance condition is independent of Vs 11 Wheatstone Bridge (Cont’d) †¢ R2 and R4 are known-fixed resistances. †¢ R3 can be adjusted to give the zero potential difference condition. †¢ R1 is the input resistance to be measured. A R1 Adjust R3 B Vo = 0 G B D Wheatstone Bridge 12 6 Wheatstone Bridge (Cont’d) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Change in R1, change R3 Precision about 1 ? to 1 M? Accuracy is up to the known resistors. Sensitivity of the null detector Error comes from changes in resistances by changes in temperatures. 13 Wheatstone Bridge (Cont’d) †¢ If no galvanometer at the output, VAB = Vs R1/(R1+R2) VAD = Vs R3/(R3+R4) Thus, Vo = VAB – VAD Vo = Vs ( R1/(R1+R2) – R3/(R3+R4) ) †¢ The relationship between Vo and R1 is non-linear 14 7 Wheatstone Bridge (Cont’d) †¢ A change R1 to R1+? R1 gives a change Vo to Vo+? Vo Vo+? Vo=Vs((R1+? R1)/((R1+? R1)+R2) – R3/(R3+R4)) Then (Vo+? Vo)–Vo = Vs R1+? R1 – R3 R1+? R1+R2 R3+R4 –Vs R1 – R3 R1+R2 R3+R4 = Vs R1+? R1 – R1 R1+? R1+R2 R1+R2 15 Wheatstone Bridge (Cont’d) †¢ If small changes ? R1 >R3 and Rs1//R3 to Rs1 avoid the leakage effect †¢ Rs2 may affect the R3 R4 detector sensitivity 24 12 Bridge Compensation †¢ The resistance of long leads will be affected by changes in temperatures †¢ To avoid this, 3 leads are required to connect to the coils †¢ They are all the same length and resistance 25 Bridge Compensation (Cont’d) †¢ Any changes in lead resistance will affect all 3 leads equally and occur in 2 arms of bridge and will cancel out. 3 R1 1 2 R3 Vs Vo R4 26 R2 13

The External Factors that Affects Eastman Kodak Free Essay Example, 1500 words

The trend in photography has gradually shifted from traditional film cameras to the use of digital cameras. Aiming to grade a bigger market share, Kodak invested a large sum of money on the development of high-resolution inkjet printer as well as digital cameras and other electronic gadgets. (Hamm, Lee, Ante, 2007; Olivier, 2004)Application of Patents and other intellectual property rights protect the company from its competitors from copying its invention. (Arner Tiplady, 2004) For this reason, Kodak should immediately finalize the technicalities behind its innovation. Among the environmental concerns in the US includes acid rain, smog, and climate change. (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008) (See Table I PESTLE Analysis on page 7)Opportunity and Threats AnalysisKodak s decision to enter the consumer Ink-jet printer specially designed to give high-quality printing photos open an entirely new business opportunity on the part of the company since the company s decision to become digital enables the company to have the ability to compete in the global markets. (Symonds Burrows, 2005; Hamm, Lee, Ante, 2007) The fact that Kodak printers were designed to print fast aside from having a higher resolution than giving consumers the opportunity to have their pictures printed vibrantly that lasts for at least 100 years enables the company to have a competitive edge over other printers manufactured by other companies. We will write a custom essay sample on The External Factors that Affects Eastman Kodak or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In case the company failed to protect the new technology with intellectual property rights, other companies could end up offering a similar high-quality digital printer at a much lesser cost.

Communism And Its Effects On Society - 1307 Words

Throughout history, people have pushed for it, fought to get rid of it, and started wars over communism. In its theory, Communism is a moneyless, stateless, and classless dream of society to develop a utopia. Under communism, there is no private property as there is today. Instead communists believe in a form of personal property that is determined by use of an object (as opposed to ideal ownership). An example to use is a house. If you eat, sleep, and just generally live in a house, that house belongs to you. You own it because you use it. That is your personal property. A house becomes private property when you no longer live in it, but still maintain ownership over it and charge others for the right to use it (in other words, renting property). This rule can be applied to any item considered possessable, and you must maintain use to maintain ownership. Communism detests the concept of private property and it s effects on society, the economy, and production. They support common ownership of the means of production (anything that is used to produce a commodity) and of natural resources. So anything that you may â€Å"own† is still not fully yours. A fantastic example of Communism is the practice of Communism in China. Chinese Communism has a long history behind it. The Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded on July 1, 1921 in Shanghai, China. After 28 years of contending, the CPC finally won victory of new-democratic revolution and started the People s Republic ofShow MoreRelatedCommunism And Its Effect On Society1554 Words   |  7 Pagesdue to his opinionated behaviour. I understood that he wants to be a hero but sometimes I wonder if he’ll ever learn when to draw the line on when it’s enough. â€Å"Sooner or later, you’re going to learn when to grow up and be a respectful member of society. 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Exploring Young People s Literacy Practices Across...

Ecologies of Transmedia Use: Exploring Young People’s Literacy Practices across Corporate and User-Produced Platforms Abstract In this article we explore young people’s literacy practices as embedded in ecologies of multimodal and transmedia use. Unlike approaches grounded in distinct online locations, such as affinity spaces, specific websites, particular video games, or other media platforms, a focus on transmedia ecologies encourages us to look beyond spatial and structural boundaries to understand how flows of corporate and user-produced artefacts can shape, constrain, and expand young people’s literate repertoires. Introduction (Contemporary Transmedia Contexts) In the turn away from viewing literacy as a purely cognitive†¦show more content†¦An ecological perspective asks us to consider a variety of learning contexts, comprised of activities, resources, relationships, and interactions among these (see. Barron, 2006). A focus on interactions between modes, activities, resources, and relationships allows us to stay attuned to the moving parts of literate development without losing context. Consider the lone gamer who, while tapping away at her controller, is simultaneously chatting with other gamers on the same platform, using printed commercial game guides to select gear, consulting player-produced walkthroughs on Youtube, posting live updates on her progress through a level of the game, and writing fan fiction based on her avatar’s exploits. Rather than viewing the aforementioned gamer’s practices as grounded in a particular context (e.g., a living room or a video game or an affinity space), focused on a particular activity (e.g., writing or watching a video), ortied to a particular modality (e.g., print, digital), it is possible to conceptualize such practices as part of a transmedia ecology in which participation in literate practice is distributed across time, space, and media platform, and coheres around a particular storyworld. A traditional storyworld is a fictional universe with invented characters, settings, and characteristics that has been

Resource Management Policies And Procedures-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Human Resource Management Policies And Procedures? Answer: Introduction The goal of the organization is giving priority to the customers first, regarding every brand of Woolworths. For achieving this, the company is having five priorities, such as, building a customer and store-led culture and team, generating a sustainable momentum in sales regarding food, evolving the companys Drinks business for providing even more worth as well as ease in respect of customers, empowering the portfolio businesses of the company for pursuing the strategic aspects towards the delivery of the value regarding the shareholders as well as becoming a lean retailer via end-to-end method as well as process superiority. Strategy Formulation Process The strategy formulation process commences with the aspect of developing a brilliant retail team that will be listening to the customers, members of the team as well as suppliers. With the support of Woolworths Voice of the Customer programme across the companys brands, the store teams of Woolworths as well as the Support Office team will be receiving a regular feedback from the customers of the company. This is stating that the organizational team will be focusing daily on continuous improvement of the companys offer as well as the customers experience related to shopping (Sharma 2014). The drink business of the organization, which includes Dan Murphys as well as BWS, will be continuing to provide innovation regarding the companys offer for providing optimum worth as well as ease in respect of the customers, within the store as well as via online. Woolworths is doing the formulation of a Lean Retail Operating Model for driving its three-year growth plans. The economy stated that the Lean Retail model will be delivering more than $500 million of cost depletion that will be enabling the investment to improve each and every aspects relating to the experience of the customer that includes reduced prices, improved expediency as well as better service and admission and an assurance towards innovation. It is being stated that the Lean Retail Model will be getting built on the organizations historical approach to drive development through the seeking of effectiveness as well as to make investment in the companys customers but with clarity towards recognizing that the approach is required to be customized to a modern period. The investment of Woolworths regarding the customer offer will be funded with the help of an important as well as continuous concentration regarding the management of cost in its non-customer facing functions (Morgeson 2013). The Company is doing the acceleration of its Lean Retail model for competing in a new environment. In this context, it can be stated that the company is building a low-cost foundation for providing it with options for serving each and every segments of the customers through a multi-channel approach. Woolworths did the setting up of a central cost-out program known as Fuel for Growth for the realisation of cost saving endeavours in areas that are non customer-facing as well as delivering benefits that will be getting reinvested towards reducing the prices as well as doing the improvement of various aspects relating to the experience of the customers (Budhwar 2013). Strategy Implementation Process Woolworths will be following the Lean Retail model, which will be using the technological aspects as well as network architectures for the reduction of costs as well as enabling the innovative aspects, will also be increasing the agility of the retailer to respond and shape the experience of the customers. The major views of Lean Retail approach are, Whenever there will occur a possibility, the tools for IT should be shifting from the store to the data-centre There should occur the consolidation as well as virtualization of IT equipment within the stores as well as the data-centre There should occur the maximization of the functionality relating to the IT equipments within the store The Lean Retail approach assists in making the process more fast, easy as well as less costly for the deployment of services required by the store operations team, the web team as well as the consumers. As because, leading retailers like Woolworths do the creation of trends and follow them as well, data plays a pivotal role for them. Retailers should be trying out innovative ideas, finding out whether they are financial and also finding out in what ways and how the customers are purchasing. For the execution of the decisions relating to business, a retailer is required taking into consideration the different ways by which customers are making purchases. In regard to the Lean Retail model, Woolworths has provided a detail description of its strategy implementation process. The company has provided a three year strategic aspect that it is claiming will be transforming the company into a customer-first business and will be assisting in neutralizing competitors of the organization. The three-year strategy will be focusing on three major areas such as to improve the core offer, to innovate products as well as services for better actualization of customer requirements as well as to initiate new effectiveness via the Lean Retail model of Woolworths for improving the service as well as value of the customers. This strategic aspect will be resulting in reduced prices, more convincing offers as well as increased innovation (Mitchell 2013). A prominent element of this new strategic aspect is in what ways the measurement of the employees will be done in respect of performance. In this regard, there will be the introduction of a basic, customer-first process to do the measurement of the in-store teams, having a new 8-metric scorecard doing the replacement of its earlier 20-metric process. This will be placing the consumer metrics at the top of the rankings. The company also did the purchasing of an additional 58,000 work hours every week for the lifting of the levels of customer service in-store, as well as will be doing the addition of further 63,000 in the coming financial year. Moreover, Woolworths did the flagging of a revised as well as better loyalty system, having more offers regarding the customers that are being targeted (Sparrow 2016). This will be getting supported by the newly launched consumer insights tool. The company is controlling distinct data assets for driving new insights as well as competitive benefi ts not available to the other retailers. As a result, this will be driving the focus of the company towards the customers by making every decision throughout the business commencing from customer insights, utilizing data regarding their actual requirements as well as behavioural aspects rather than surveys and known behavioural aspects (Konrad 2016). Role of strategic human resource management The role of the strategic human resource manager regarding the strategy implementation process states that there are four essential tasks that every business should be accomplishing. The appropriate fulfilment of these four tasks will be assisting in the implementation of the strategic aspect. These are assisting the staffs in understanding the strategic aspect, augmenting staff commitment regarding the strategic aspect, streamlining local endeavour with the strategic aspect, as well as inducing cross-system collaboration (Sparrow 2016). This changing process as organized into four tasks is rather distinct among most strategic HR designs. Although, most of the plans are focusing towards the ways by which HR will be appealing to, encourage as well as do the enrichment of the individual contribution, the Four Jobs method will be recognizing the work that is required to be done regarding all three organizational tiers, from the individual to the unit of work to the overall department (Sheehan 2014). Strategy implementation is considered being an all-encompassing process that demands change at every level of the social system regarding the business. The role of the strategic human resource manager are mentioned as under, Safety of the workplace To create an environment for work that is free from needless risks is considered being the functional aspect of a strategic human resource manager. Strategic growth in respect of safety regarding the place of work will be entailing the management of risks as well as mitigation of potential losses from job related accidents as well as casualties (Alfes 2013). Compensation and Benefits The compensation of the staffs as well as benefits structure will partly do the determination of the business reputation as well as image of the organization. Moreover, the decisions that human resource managers will be making in regard to the pay-scales as well as staff benefits will be impacting the satisfaction of the staffs, and the ability of the organization for recruiting skilled workers. The evaluation of job, conditions of the labour market, workforce deficiencies as well as budget restraints are issues that strategic human resource managers take into consideration in respect of compensation and benefits (Sikora 2014). Staff training The role of the strategic HR manager regarding staff training as well as development will be preparing the workforce in respect of future positions within the organization. Training and development does the motivation of the staffs and in certain cases, will be improving the retention of the staffs (Reiche 2016). Recruitment and Selection The strategic HR managers role is combining the components of employee relations into the recruitment and selection strategy of the staffs. To do the integration of staff recognition programs towards promotion-from-within policies is an efficient kind of staff motivation that does the combination of staff relations as well as areas of recruitment and selection regarding human resources (Storey 2014). Strategic Development A primary step to create human resource management policies and procedures is to ensure that human resources as well as executive leadership are functioning towards similar goals. Developing a high-performance workforce does the supporting of the companys goals in becoming profitable as well as successful (Purce 2014). Compliance To set the foundation of human resource management is where the organization is standing in concern with, compliance regarding federal and state labour as well as laws of employment. Workplace Policies Workplace policies as well as standard operating procedures are providing the company with the much-required structure. An equal opportunity policy for employment as well as statement regarding the zero-tolerance policy of the organization in respect of getting discriminated or harassed should be part of the companys code of conduct. These policies will be acknowledging the obligation of the staffs for providing a working environment that is considered to be safe where staffs are feeling like cherished contributors (Brewster 2016). Recruitment and Selection To do the improvement of value regarding human capital is resting with the recruitment and selection procedures of the company. The viewpoint of every recruitment policies is equal opportunity, but recruiting procedures that are considered being more specific will be including human resource communication with leaders of departments regarding their staffing requirements, job postings and interview stages as well as decision-making authority of the recruitment managers (Marlar 2013). To be more precise, the overall strategy of the company in respect of success will be driving the development as well as execution of the policies regarding human resource management. Staff Recruiting and Selection The major objective of employee recruitment and selection is associated with the aspect of finding the best sources of recruitment, hiring the best skilled professionals from the job market as well as to keep the company competitive on the job market. The process of recruitment and selection is associated with the management of large numbers of job resumes and the capability for selecting the most suitable candidates. The process of recruitment requires an entire method description (Jackson 2014). The performances regarding the process of recruitment are required getting measured, evaluated and, new, innovative solutions for recruitment should be applied. The main areas of recruitment are considered to be recruitment process description, external recruitment, internal recruitment, recruitment agencies management, recruitment sources management, recruitment outsourcing as well as recruitment software. The main areas of staffing are job design and job descriptions, common staffing principals and rules, organizational planning and design, job vacancies management as well as talent gap analysis (Kramar 2014). Challenges for the human resource management in the future The challenges that will be faced by the human resource management in the future are mentioned as under, To retain and reward talented candidates Almost 59% seasoned HR professionals are having the belief that in the near future, the major challenge will be to do the retention of talent and candidates that are performing well. In addition, it will be getting increasingly worse for recognizing as well as rewarding the actual performers as there is a rapid growth regarding the competitiveness of the market and that requires more collective endeavours for establishing loyalty among the staffs (Armstrong 2014). To develop future leaders The increasing rate of staff turnover is giving recruiters a really challenging time with the implementation of practices for enhancing the aspect of staff engagement and making them stay for longer period within the company. There is a major concern with the HR managers towards the building of future organizational leaders (Kehoe 2013). To have a clear and transparent culture for work and open leadership Most of the organizations are failing in the process of establishing a clear and transparent cultural aspect relating to work communication or open leadership that somewhere is affecting the morale of the staffs and their dedication related to work (Shields 2015). To have career advancement scopes in respect of staffs According to a study, around 26% professionals have given the indication that this aspect is regarded as a challenge for the human resource management in the future due to the rising rate of attrition in the companies. Conclusion To conclude it can be stated that there is the requirement for the application of various concepts regarding human resource management in respect of human resource planning, job analysis and design, skills training, recruitment as well as strategic plan relating to business. A detailed description of the strategy formulation process regarding Woolworths have been provided, the strategy implementation process as well as the function of the strategic human resource manager in this process has been described, the role of human resource management within the company has been described as well. Moreover, the human resource managers role within the company for the creation of the competitive organization of the future has been discussed as well. Woolworths is controlling distinct data assets for driving new insights as well as competitive advantages not available to the other retailers. Therefore, this will be driving the focus of the organization towards the customers by making every deci sion all through the business commencing from customer insights, utilizing data regarding their actual requirements as well as behavioural aspects to a certain extent than surveys and recognized behavioural aspects. The investment of the company regarding the customer offer will be funded with the assistance of a significant as well as incessant concentration regarding the management of expenditure in its non-customer facing functional aspects Reference Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management, accounting, pp.330-351. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. and Morley, M. eds., 2016.New challenges for European resource management. Springer. Budhwar, P.S. and Debrah, Y.A. eds., 2013.Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391. Konrad, A.M., Yang, Y. and Maurer, C.C., 2016. Antecedents and outcomes of diversity and equality management systems: an integrated institutional agency and strategic human resource management approach.Human Resource Management,55(1), pp.83-107. Kramar, R., 2014. Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), pp.1069-1089. Marler, J.H. and Fisher, S.L., 2013. An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), pp.18-36. Mitchell, R., Obeidat, S. and Bray, M., 2013. The Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of High?Performance Human Resource Practices.Human Resource Management,52(6), pp.899-921. Morgeson, F.P., Aguinis, H., Waldman, D.A. and Siegel, D.S., 2013. Extending corporate social responsibility research to the human resource management and organizational behavior domains: A look to the future.Personnel Psychology,66(4), pp.805-824. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Reiche, B.S., Mendenhall, M.E. and Stahl, G.K. eds., 2016.Readings and cases in international human resource management. Taylor Francis. Sharma, A. and Khandekar, A., 2014.Strategic human resource management: an Indian perspective. Lulu Press, Inc. Sheehan, M., 2014. Human resource management and performance: Evidence from small and medium-sized firms.International Small Business ,32(5), pp.545-570. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., O'Leary, P., Robinson, J. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Sikora, D.M. and Ferris, G.R., 2014. Strategic human resource practice implementation: The critical role of line management.Human Resource Management Review,24(3), pp.271-281. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. and Chung, C., 2016.Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Storey, J., 2014.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.